Journal articles 2013
Documents
Study on identification and using of several high-quality foreign wheat varieties
Li X-R, Chai Y-F, Sun L-H, Zhao Z-Y, Shao X-S, Xi J-L and Zhang J-C (2013). Study on identification and using of several high-quality foreign wheat varieties. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 41(4):307–310,316 (DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2013.04.01). Article in Chinese with abstract in English. Not open access; view journal website. (G7010.02.01)
Li X-R, Chai Y-F, Sun L-H, Zhao Z-Y, Shao X-S, Xi J-L and Zhang J-C (2013). Study on identification and using of several high-quality foreign wheat varieties. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 41(4):307–310,316 (DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2013.04.01). Article in Chinese with abstract in English. Not open access; view journal website. (G7010.02.01)
Drought tolerance in wild plant populations: the case of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Cortés AJ, Monserrate FA, Ramírez-Villegas J, Madriñán S, Blair MW (2013). Drought tolerance in wild plant populations: the case of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLoS ONE 8(5):e62898. (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062898).
Drought is a major constraint to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, especially in developing countries where irrigation for the crop is infrequent. The Mesoamerican genepool is the most widely grown subdivision of common beans that include small red, small cream and black seeded varieties. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable genetic map for a Mesoamerican 9 Mesoamerican drought tolerant 9 susceptible cross and to use this map to analyze the inheritance of yield traits under drought and fully irrigated conditions over 3 years of experiments. The source of drought tolerance used in the crosswas the cream-seeded advanced line BAT477 crossed with the small red varietyDOR364 and the populationwas made up of recombinant inbred lines in the F5 generation. Quantitative trait loci were detected by composite intervalmapping for the traits of overall seed yield, yield per day, 100 seed weight, days to flowering and days to maturity for each field environment consisting of two treatments (irrigated and rainfed) and lattice design experiments with three repetitions for a total of six environments. The genetic map based on amplified fragment length polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers was anchored with 60 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and had a total map length of 1,087.5 cM across 11 linkage groups covering the whole common bean genome with saturation of one marker every 5.9 cM. Gaps for the genetic map existed on linkage groups b03, b09 and b11 but overall there were only nine gaps larger than 15 cM. All traits were inherited quantitatively, with the greatest number for seedweight followed by yield per day, yield per se, days to flowering and days to maturity. The relevance of these results for breeding common beans is discussed in particular in the light of crop improvement for drought tolerance in the Mesoamerican genepool.
Cortés AJ, Monserrate FA, Ramírez-Villegas J, Madriñán S, Blair MW (2013). Drought tolerance in wild plant populations: the case of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLoS ONE 8(5):e62898. (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062898).
Drought is a major constraint to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, especially in developing countries where irrigation for the crop is infrequent. The Mesoamerican genepool is the most widely grown subdivision of common beans that include small red, small cream and black seeded varieties. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable genetic map for a Mesoamerican 9 Mesoamerican drought tolerant 9 susceptible cross and to use this map to analyze the inheritance of yield traits under drought and fully irrigated conditions over 3 years of experiments. The source of drought tolerance used in the crosswas the cream-seeded advanced line BAT477 crossed with the small red varietyDOR364 and the populationwas made up of recombinant inbred lines in the F5 generation. Quantitative trait loci were detected by composite intervalmapping for the traits of overall seed yield, yield per day, 100 seed weight, days to flowering and days to maturity for each field environment consisting of two treatments (irrigated and rainfed) and lattice design experiments with three repetitions for a total of six environments. The genetic map based on amplified fragment length polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers was anchored with 60 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and had a total map length of 1,087.5 cM across 11 linkage groups covering the whole common bean genome with saturation of one marker every 5.9 cM. Gaps for the genetic map existed on linkage groups b03, b09 and b11 but overall there were only nine gaps larger than 15 cM. All traits were inherited quantitatively, with the greatest number for seedweight followed by yield per day, yield per se, days to flowering and days to maturity. The relevance of these results for breeding common beans is discussed in particular in the light of crop improvement for drought tolerance in the Mesoamerican genepool.
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Genetic, physiological, and gene expression analyses reveal that multiple QTL enhance yield of rice mega-variety IR64 under drought
Swamy BPM, Ahmed HU, Henry A, Mauleon R, Dixit S, Vikram P, Tilatto R, Verulkar SB, Perraju P, Mandal NP, Variar M, Robin S, Chandrababu R, Singh ON, Dwivedi JL, Das SP, Mishra KK, Yadaw RB, Aditya TL, Karmakar B, Satoh K, Moumeni A, Kikuchi S, Leung H, Kumar A (2013). Genetic, physiological, and gene expression analyses reveal that multiple QTL enhance yield of rice mega-variety IR64 under drought. PLoS ONE 8(5):e62795. (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062795). (G3008.06).
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a highly drought sensitive crop, and most semi dwarf rice varieties suffer severe yield losses from reproductive stage drought stress. The genetic complexity of drought tolerance has deterred the identification of agronomically relevant quantitative trait loci (QTL) that can be deployed to improve rice yield under drought in rice. Convergent evidence from physiological characterization, genetic mapping, and multi-location field evaluation was used to address this challenge.
Swamy BPM, Ahmed HU, Henry A, Mauleon R, Dixit S, Vikram P, Tilatto R, Verulkar SB, Perraju P, Mandal NP, Variar M, Robin S, Chandrababu R, Singh ON, Dwivedi JL, Das SP, Mishra KK, Yadaw RB, Aditya TL, Karmakar B, Satoh K, Moumeni A, Kikuchi S, Leung H, Kumar A (2013). Genetic, physiological, and gene expression analyses reveal that multiple QTL enhance yield of rice mega-variety IR64 under drought. PLoS ONE 8(5):e62795. (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062795). (G3008.06).
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a highly drought sensitive crop, and most semi dwarf rice varieties suffer severe yield losses from reproductive stage drought stress. The genetic complexity of drought tolerance has deterred the identification of agronomically relevant quantitative trait loci (QTL) that can be deployed to improve rice yield under drought in rice. Convergent evidence from physiological characterization, genetic mapping, and multi-location field evaluation was used to address this challenge.
Phenotypic approaches to drought in cassava: review
Okogbenin E, Setter TL, Ferguson M, Mutegi R, Ceballos H, Olasanmi B and Fregene M (2013). Phenotypic approaches to drought in cassava: review. Frontiers in Plant Physiology 4:93. (DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00093). (G7009.09/G7010.01.03).
Cassava is an important crop in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Cassava can be produced adequately in drought conditions making it the ideal food security crop in marginal environments. Although cassava can tolerate drought stress, it can be genetically improved to enhance productivity in such environments. Drought adaptation studies in over three decades in cassava have identified relevant mechanisms which have been explored in conventional breeding. Drought is a quantitative trait and its multigenic nature makes it very challenging to effectively manipulate and combine genes in breeding for rapid genetic gain and selection process.
Okogbenin E, Setter TL, Ferguson M, Mutegi R, Ceballos H, Olasanmi B and Fregene M (2013). Phenotypic approaches to drought in cassava: review. Frontiers in Plant Physiology 4:93. (DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00093). (G7009.09/G7010.01.03).
Cassava is an important crop in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Cassava can be produced adequately in drought conditions making it the ideal food security crop in marginal environments. Although cassava can tolerate drought stress, it can be genetically improved to enhance productivity in such environments. Drought adaptation studies in over three decades in cassava have identified relevant mechanisms which have been explored in conventional breeding. Drought is a quantitative trait and its multigenic nature makes it very challenging to effectively manipulate and combine genes in breeding for rapid genetic gain and selection process.
Mapping QTL for heat tolerance at grain filling stage in common wheat
Li S-P, Chang X-P, Wang C-S and Jing R-L (2013). Mapping QTL for heat tolerance at grain filling stage in common wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 46(10):2119–2129 (DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.10.018). Article in Chinese with abstract in English. (G7010.02.01)
Abstract: Objective In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) population with 150 lines, which was derived from the cross of two Chinese common wheat cultivars Hanxuan 10 and Lumai 14, was used as the plant material to identify the heat tolerance index (HTI) for related physiological traits and thousand-grain weight (TGW) at grain filling stage in common wheat and carry out quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. The purpose was to identify the essential QTL with stable and remarkable effects and find a theoretical basis on marker-assisted selection for improving the heat tolerance in wheat breeding program.
Method The mixed-model-based composite interval mapping method was employed to identify QTL for HTI of related traits in two soil moisture environments.
Result A total of 12 additive QTL and 17 epistatic QTL for HTI of TGW and physiological traits related to heat tolerance were located on all chromosomes except 1D, 6D and 7B under two soil moisture conditions. One single additive QTL can explain 2.64%-11.41% phenotypic variance for HTI, and a pair of epistatic QTL can explain 2.45%-8.84% phenotypic variance for HTI. Nine of 12 additive QTL have interaction effects with the environments, and the interaction effect of single additive QTL with the environment can explain 1.41%-4.66% phenotypic variance for HTI. Only 5 of the 17 epistatic QTL exist interaction effects with the environments, and the interaction effect of single pair of QTL with the environment can explain 0.62%-2.32% phenotypic variance for HTI. The allelic contribution to the HTI QTL came from both parents. Some DH lines were more tolerant to the heat stress than their parents.
Conclusion To evaluate the heat tolerance at grain filling stage, the HTI for TGW is a direct criteria, the following two physiological index are indirect criteria, i.e. the HTI for flag leaves relative water content (IRWC) is an available index under rainfed condition, and the HTI for canopy temperature depression (ICTD) is suitable under well-watered condition. The QTL for HTIs mainly distribute on the chromosomes 1B, 2D, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B and 7A, showing that these chromosomes have close relationship with heat-tolerance at grain filling stage. The genetic effects of QTL for TGW HTI and chlorophyll content (CC) mainly are additive effect, and that of CTD and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (CFP) are mainly epistatic effect. The additive effect and the epistatic effect are almost equal in the genetic effect of the QTL for the RWC HTI.
Li S-P, Chang X-P, Wang C-S and Jing R-L (2013). Mapping QTL for heat tolerance at grain filling stage in common wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 46(10):2119–2129 (DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.10.018). Article in Chinese with abstract in English. (G7010.02.01)
Abstract: Objective In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) population with 150 lines, which was derived from the cross of two Chinese common wheat cultivars Hanxuan 10 and Lumai 14, was used as the plant material to identify the heat tolerance index (HTI) for related physiological traits and thousand-grain weight (TGW) at grain filling stage in common wheat and carry out quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. The purpose was to identify the essential QTL with stable and remarkable effects and find a theoretical basis on marker-assisted selection for improving the heat tolerance in wheat breeding program.
Method The mixed-model-based composite interval mapping method was employed to identify QTL for HTI of related traits in two soil moisture environments.
Result A total of 12 additive QTL and 17 epistatic QTL for HTI of TGW and physiological traits related to heat tolerance were located on all chromosomes except 1D, 6D and 7B under two soil moisture conditions. One single additive QTL can explain 2.64%-11.41% phenotypic variance for HTI, and a pair of epistatic QTL can explain 2.45%-8.84% phenotypic variance for HTI. Nine of 12 additive QTL have interaction effects with the environments, and the interaction effect of single additive QTL with the environment can explain 1.41%-4.66% phenotypic variance for HTI. Only 5 of the 17 epistatic QTL exist interaction effects with the environments, and the interaction effect of single pair of QTL with the environment can explain 0.62%-2.32% phenotypic variance for HTI. The allelic contribution to the HTI QTL came from both parents. Some DH lines were more tolerant to the heat stress than their parents.
Conclusion To evaluate the heat tolerance at grain filling stage, the HTI for TGW is a direct criteria, the following two physiological index are indirect criteria, i.e. the HTI for flag leaves relative water content (IRWC) is an available index under rainfed condition, and the HTI for canopy temperature depression (ICTD) is suitable under well-watered condition. The QTL for HTIs mainly distribute on the chromosomes 1B, 2D, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B and 7A, showing that these chromosomes have close relationship with heat-tolerance at grain filling stage. The genetic effects of QTL for TGW HTI and chlorophyll content (CC) mainly are additive effect, and that of CTD and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (CFP) are mainly epistatic effect. The additive effect and the epistatic effect are almost equal in the genetic effect of the QTL for the RWC HTI.
Assessment of genetic diversity in the sorghum reference set using EST-SSR markers
Ramu P, Billot C, Rami JF, Senthilvel S, Upadhyaya HD, Ananda Reddy L, Hash CT (2013). Assessment of genetic diversity in the sorghum reference set using EST-SSR markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, published online 25 May 2013. (DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2117-6). (G4005.01.03/ G4007.01). Not open access: view abstract
Ramu P, Billot C, Rami JF, Senthilvel S, Upadhyaya HD, Ananda Reddy L, Hash CT (2013). Assessment of genetic diversity in the sorghum reference set using EST-SSR markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, published online 25 May 2013. (DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2117-6). (G4005.01.03/ G4007.01). Not open access: view abstract
Relationships of wheat leaf stomatal traits with wheat yield and drought resistance
Wang S-G, Li Z-Q, Jia S-S, Sun D-Z, Shi Y-G, Fan H, Liang Z-H and Jing R-L (2013). Relationships of wheat leaf stomatal traits with wheat yield and drought resistance. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 24(6):1609−1614. (G7010.02.01)
Abstract: Taking the DH population of wheat cultivar Hanxuan10/Lumai14 as test object, and by the methods of correlation analysis and path analysis, this paper studied the relationships of the flag leaf stomatal density (SD), stomatal length and width (SL and SW), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (Pn), and transpiration rate (Tr) on the 10th and 20th day after anthesis with the yield and the index of drought-resistance under the conditions of drought stress and normal irrigation. Under the two conditions, most of the test leaf traits on the 10th day after anthesis had less correlation with the yield and the index of drought-resistance, whereas the leaf traits on the 20th day after anthesis had significant positive correlations with thousand kernel weight but less correlation with grain number per ear, grain yield per plant, and index of drought-resistance. Path analysis showed that gs, Pn, and Tr were the main factors affecting the grain yield per plant (YPP) and the index of drought resistance (IDR), and the effects were stronger both in direct and in indirect ways. The direct and indirect effects of SD, SL, and SW on the YPP and IDR were lesser. Under both drought stress and normal irrigation, and on the 10th and 20th day after anthesis, there were significant correlations between SD and SL, and between SL and SW, gs, Pn, and Tr, but the correlations of SD and SL with gs, Pn, and Tr changed with water condition or growth stage. Therefore, it would be not always a good means to select the leaf stomatal density and size as the targets for breeding to improve the leaf stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate, and further, to promote the yield.
Wang S-G, Li Z-Q, Jia S-S, Sun D-Z, Shi Y-G, Fan H, Liang Z-H and Jing R-L (2013). Relationships of wheat leaf stomatal traits with wheat yield and drought resistance. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 24(6):1609−1614. (G7010.02.01)
Abstract: Taking the DH population of wheat cultivar Hanxuan10/Lumai14 as test object, and by the methods of correlation analysis and path analysis, this paper studied the relationships of the flag leaf stomatal density (SD), stomatal length and width (SL and SW), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (Pn), and transpiration rate (Tr) on the 10th and 20th day after anthesis with the yield and the index of drought-resistance under the conditions of drought stress and normal irrigation. Under the two conditions, most of the test leaf traits on the 10th day after anthesis had less correlation with the yield and the index of drought-resistance, whereas the leaf traits on the 20th day after anthesis had significant positive correlations with thousand kernel weight but less correlation with grain number per ear, grain yield per plant, and index of drought-resistance. Path analysis showed that gs, Pn, and Tr were the main factors affecting the grain yield per plant (YPP) and the index of drought resistance (IDR), and the effects were stronger both in direct and in indirect ways. The direct and indirect effects of SD, SL, and SW on the YPP and IDR were lesser. Under both drought stress and normal irrigation, and on the 10th and 20th day after anthesis, there were significant correlations between SD and SL, and between SL and SW, gs, Pn, and Tr, but the correlations of SD and SL with gs, Pn, and Tr changed with water condition or growth stage. Therefore, it would be not always a good means to select the leaf stomatal density and size as the targets for breeding to improve the leaf stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate, and further, to promote the yield.
Roles of root aerenchyma development and its associated QTL in dry matter production under transient moisture stress in rice
Niones JM, Suralta RR, Inukai Y and Yamauchi A (2013). Roles of root aerenchyma development and its associated QTL in dry matter production under transient moisture stress in rice. Plant Production Science 16(3):205–216. (G3008.06)
Abstract: Enhanced aerenchyma development in rice under transient drought-to-waterlogged (TDW) stress promotes root system development by promoting lateral root production. This study analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W stress. A mapping population of 60 F2 genotypes of chromosome segment substituted lines (CSSL) derived from CSSL47 and Nipponbare crosses were grown in rootboxes and evaluated for shoot and root growth, and aerenchyma development (expressed as root porosity). The TD-W stress was imposed starting with water saturated soil condition at sowing and then to progressive drought from 0 to 21 days after sowing (DAS) prior to exposure to sudden waterlogging for another 17 days (21 to 38 DAS). We performed simple and composite interval mapping to identify QTLs for aerenchyma development. QTL associated with aerenchyma development was mapped on the short-arm of chromosome 12 and designated as qAER-12. The effect of qAER-12 on the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W was significantly associated with the increase in lateral root elongation and branching. This resulted in greater root system development as expressed in total root length and consequently contributed to higher dry matter production. This qAER-12 is probably the first reported QTL associated with aerenchyma development in rice under TD-W and is a useful trait for the improvement of the adaptive capability under fluctuating soil moisture conditions.
Niones JM, Suralta RR, Inukai Y and Yamauchi A (2013). Roles of root aerenchyma development and its associated QTL in dry matter production under transient moisture stress in rice. Plant Production Science 16(3):205–216. (G3008.06)
Abstract: Enhanced aerenchyma development in rice under transient drought-to-waterlogged (TDW) stress promotes root system development by promoting lateral root production. This study analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W stress. A mapping population of 60 F2 genotypes of chromosome segment substituted lines (CSSL) derived from CSSL47 and Nipponbare crosses were grown in rootboxes and evaluated for shoot and root growth, and aerenchyma development (expressed as root porosity). The TD-W stress was imposed starting with water saturated soil condition at sowing and then to progressive drought from 0 to 21 days after sowing (DAS) prior to exposure to sudden waterlogging for another 17 days (21 to 38 DAS). We performed simple and composite interval mapping to identify QTLs for aerenchyma development. QTL associated with aerenchyma development was mapped on the short-arm of chromosome 12 and designated as qAER-12. The effect of qAER-12 on the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W was significantly associated with the increase in lateral root elongation and branching. This resulted in greater root system development as expressed in total root length and consequently contributed to higher dry matter production. This qAER-12 is probably the first reported QTL associated with aerenchyma development in rice under TD-W and is a useful trait for the improvement of the adaptive capability under fluctuating soil moisture conditions.
Variation in carbon isotope discrimination and its relationship with harvest index in the reference collection of chickpea germplasm
Krishnamurthy L, Kashiwagi J, Tobita S, Ito O, Upadhyaya HD, Gowda CLL, Gaur PM, Sheshshayee MS, Singh S, Vadez V, Varshney RK (2013). Variation in carbon isotope discrimination and its relationship with harvest index in the reference collection of chickpea germplasm. Functional Plant Biology, pp1–12. Published online 2 July 2013. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/FP13088). (G4008.12). Not open access: view online
Krishnamurthy L, Kashiwagi J, Tobita S, Ito O, Upadhyaya HD, Gowda CLL, Gaur PM, Sheshshayee MS, Singh S, Vadez V, Varshney RK (2013). Variation in carbon isotope discrimination and its relationship with harvest index in the reference collection of chickpea germplasm. Functional Plant Biology, pp1–12. Published online 2 July 2013. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/FP13088). (G4008.12). Not open access: view online
Genetic variability of three cassava traits across three locations in Ghana
Peprah BB, Ofori K, Asante IK, Parkes E (2013). Genetic variability of three cassava traits across three locations in Ghana. African Journal of Plant Science 7(7):265–267 (DOI:10.5897/AJPS12.058). (G7010.01.05).
A study was conducted to assess the extent of genetic variability, broad-sense heritability and correlations for fresh root weight, root number and top weight of five cassava genotypes across three locations in 2 years. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant genotypic effect for all the traits. Genotype x environment interaction was also significant for all the traits studied indicating considerable but, varying response of the genotypes to the environments. High broad-sense heritability and genetic advance as percent of the mean were observed for fresh root weight, suggesting that the trait is primarily under genetic control and that a simple recurrent phenotypic selection scheme would be rewarding. Phenotypic coefficients of variation values were larger than their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation values for all traits. Correlations between the three traits were highly significant and positive indicating that simultaneous progress for the three traits is feasible.
Peprah BB, Ofori K, Asante IK, Parkes E (2013). Genetic variability of three cassava traits across three locations in Ghana. African Journal of Plant Science 7(7):265–267 (DOI:10.5897/AJPS12.058). (G7010.01.05).
A study was conducted to assess the extent of genetic variability, broad-sense heritability and correlations for fresh root weight, root number and top weight of five cassava genotypes across three locations in 2 years. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant genotypic effect for all the traits. Genotype x environment interaction was also significant for all the traits studied indicating considerable but, varying response of the genotypes to the environments. High broad-sense heritability and genetic advance as percent of the mean were observed for fresh root weight, suggesting that the trait is primarily under genetic control and that a simple recurrent phenotypic selection scheme would be rewarding. Phenotypic coefficients of variation values were larger than their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation values for all traits. Correlations between the three traits were highly significant and positive indicating that simultaneous progress for the three traits is feasible.
