Journal articles 2012
Documents
Phenotyping cowpeas for adaptation to drought
Hall A (2012). Phenotyping cowpeas for adaptation to drought. Frontiers in Plant Physiology 3:155. (DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00155).
Methods for phenotyping cowpeas for adaptation to drought are reviewed. Key factors involve achieving optimal time of flowering and cycle length, and appropriate morphology for different types of cultivars as they relate to their utilization for dry grain, hay, and fresh pea production. Strong resistance to vegetative-stage drought is available and should be incorporated.The extreme ability of extra-early erect cowpea cultivars to escape terminal drought should be exploited in zones with very short rainfall seasons. In zones with the possibility of limited rainfall in the middle of the growing season,resistance to mid-season drought, and the delayed-leaf-senescence trait can be valuable. Breeding for water-us e efficiency, deeper rooting, and heat tolerance are discussed. Diseases and pests that influence adaptation to drought are considered. Resistance to the organism causing ashy stem blight disease should be incorporated because this disease can destroy cowpea seedlings under hot, dry soil conditions. The value of varietal intercrops with contrasting types of cowpea cultivars in enhancing adaptation to drought is described. Implications of cowpea/cereal rotations for cowpea breeding are discussed. Breeding strategies for enhancing cowpea adaptation to drought are described.
Hall A (2012). Phenotyping cowpeas for adaptation to drought. Frontiers in Plant Physiology 3:155. (DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00155).
Methods for phenotyping cowpeas for adaptation to drought are reviewed. Key factors involve achieving optimal time of flowering and cycle length, and appropriate morphology for different types of cultivars as they relate to their utilization for dry grain, hay, and fresh pea production. Strong resistance to vegetative-stage drought is available and should be incorporated.The extreme ability of extra-early erect cowpea cultivars to escape terminal drought should be exploited in zones with very short rainfall seasons. In zones with the possibility of limited rainfall in the middle of the growing season,resistance to mid-season drought, and the delayed-leaf-senescence trait can be valuable. Breeding for water-us e efficiency, deeper rooting, and heat tolerance are discussed. Diseases and pests that influence adaptation to drought are considered. Resistance to the organism causing ashy stem blight disease should be incorporated because this disease can destroy cowpea seedlings under hot, dry soil conditions. The value of varietal intercrops with contrasting types of cowpea cultivars in enhancing adaptation to drought is described. Implications of cowpea/cereal rotations for cowpea breeding are discussed. Breeding strategies for enhancing cowpea adaptation to drought are described.
Analysis of constituents for phenotyping drought tolerance in crop improvement
Setter TL (2012). Analysis of constituents for phenotyping drought tolerance in crop improvement. Frontiers in Physiology 3:180. (DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00180).
Investigators now have a wide range of analytical tools to use in measuring metabolites, proteins and transcripts in plant tissues. These tools have the potential to assist genetic studies that seek to phenotype genetic lines for heritable traits that contribute to drought tolerance. To be useful for crop breeding, hundreds or thousands of genetic lines must be assessed. This review considers the utility of assaying certain constituents with roles in drought tolerance for phenotyping genotypes. Abscisic acid (ABA), organic and inorganic osmolytes, compatible solutes, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins, are considered. Confounding effects that require appropriate tissue and timing specificity, and the need for high-throughput and analytical cost efficiency are discussed. With future advances in analytical methods and the value of analyzing constituents that provide information on the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance, these approaches are expected to contribute to development crops with improved drought tolerance.
Setter TL (2012). Analysis of constituents for phenotyping drought tolerance in crop improvement. Frontiers in Physiology 3:180. (DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00180).
Investigators now have a wide range of analytical tools to use in measuring metabolites, proteins and transcripts in plant tissues. These tools have the potential to assist genetic studies that seek to phenotype genetic lines for heritable traits that contribute to drought tolerance. To be useful for crop breeding, hundreds or thousands of genetic lines must be assessed. This review considers the utility of assaying certain constituents with roles in drought tolerance for phenotyping genotypes. Abscisic acid (ABA), organic and inorganic osmolytes, compatible solutes, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins, are considered. Confounding effects that require appropriate tissue and timing specificity, and the need for high-throughput and analytical cost efficiency are discussed. With future advances in analytical methods and the value of analyzing constituents that provide information on the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance, these approaches are expected to contribute to development crops with improved drought tolerance.
Can genomics boost productivity of orphan crops?
Varshney RK, Ribaut J-M , Buckler ES, Tuberosa R, Rafalski JA and Langridge P (2012). Can genomics boost productivity of orphan crops? Nature Biotechnology 30:1172–1176. (DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2440).
Advances in genomics over the past 20 years have enhanced the precision and efficiency of breeding programsin many temperate cereal crops. One of the first applications of genomics-assisted breeding has been the introgression of loci for resistance to biotic stresses or major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for tolerance to abiotic stresses into elite genotypes through marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC)4. For instance, introgression of a major QTL for submergence tolerance (Sub1) into widely grown rice varieties has substantially improved yield in >15 million hectares of rain-fed low-land rice in South and Southeast Asia5. Despite this success story, the overall adoption of genomics-assisted breeding in developing countries is still limited especially for complex traits like yield under environmental stress in several other crops.
Varshney RK, Ribaut J-M , Buckler ES, Tuberosa R, Rafalski JA and Langridge P (2012). Can genomics boost productivity of orphan crops? Nature Biotechnology 30:1172–1176. (DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2440).
Advances in genomics over the past 20 years have enhanced the precision and efficiency of breeding programsin many temperate cereal crops. One of the first applications of genomics-assisted breeding has been the introgression of loci for resistance to biotic stresses or major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for tolerance to abiotic stresses into elite genotypes through marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC)4. For instance, introgression of a major QTL for submergence tolerance (Sub1) into widely grown rice varieties has substantially improved yield in >15 million hectares of rain-fed low-land rice in South and Southeast Asia5. Despite this success story, the overall adoption of genomics-assisted breeding in developing countries is still limited especially for complex traits like yield under environmental stress in several other crops.
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The effect of tetraploidization of wild Arachis on leaf morphology and other drought-related traits
Leal-Bertioli SCM, Bertioli DJ, Guimarães PM, Pereira TD, Galhardo I, Silva JP, Brasileiro ACM, Oliveira RS, Silva PIT, Vadez V, Araujo ACG (2012). The effect of tetraploidization of wild Arachis on leaf morphology and other drought-related traits. Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 84: 17–24. (DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.005.) (G6010.01)
Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid (genome type AABB) with a very narrow genetic base, therefore wild species are an attractive source of new variability and traits. Because most wild species are diploid, the first step of introgression usually involves hybridization of wild species and polyploidization to produce a synthetic allotetraploid (AABB) that is sexually compatible with peanut. This study investigates drought- related traits such as leaf morphology, transpiration profile, chlorophyll meter readings (SCMR), specific leaf area (SLA) and transpiration rate per leaf area for two wild diploids (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaënsis) that could be of interest for improvement of the peanut crop. Furthermore, the inheritance of the traits from the diploid to the tetraploid state was investigated. Results showed that whilst some diploid traits such as SCMR, are maintained through hybridization and polyploidization, most characters, such as the leaf area, stomata size, trichome density and transpiration profile, are substantially modified. The study concludes that direct evaluations of drought-related traits in wild diploids may be useful for evaluation of wild species to be used in introgression. However, evaluations on wild-derived synthetic tetraploids are likely to be more informative.
Leal-Bertioli SCM, Bertioli DJ, Guimarães PM, Pereira TD, Galhardo I, Silva JP, Brasileiro ACM, Oliveira RS, Silva PIT, Vadez V, Araujo ACG (2012). The effect of tetraploidization of wild Arachis on leaf morphology and other drought-related traits. Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 84: 17–24. (DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.005.) (G6010.01)
Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid (genome type AABB) with a very narrow genetic base, therefore wild species are an attractive source of new variability and traits. Because most wild species are diploid, the first step of introgression usually involves hybridization of wild species and polyploidization to produce a synthetic allotetraploid (AABB) that is sexually compatible with peanut. This study investigates drought- related traits such as leaf morphology, transpiration profile, chlorophyll meter readings (SCMR), specific leaf area (SLA) and transpiration rate per leaf area for two wild diploids (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaënsis) that could be of interest for improvement of the peanut crop. Furthermore, the inheritance of the traits from the diploid to the tetraploid state was investigated. Results showed that whilst some diploid traits such as SCMR, are maintained through hybridization and polyploidization, most characters, such as the leaf area, stomata size, trichome density and transpiration profile, are substantially modified. The study concludes that direct evaluations of drought-related traits in wild diploids may be useful for evaluation of wild species to be used in introgression. However, evaluations on wild-derived synthetic tetraploids are likely to be more informative.
Construction of chromosome segment substitution lines in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using a wild synthetic and QTL mapping for plant morphology
Foncéka D, Tossim H-A, Rivallan R, Vignes H, Lacut E, De Bellis F, Faye I, Ndoye O, Leal-Bertioli SCM, Valls JFM, de Bellis F, Faye I, Ndoye O, Leal-Bertioli SCM, Valls JFM, Bertioli DJ, Glaszmann J-C, Courtois B, Rami J-F* (2012). Construction of chromosome segment substitution lines in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using a wild synthetic and QTL mapping for plant morphology. PLoS ONE 7(11):e48642 (DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0048642). (G3005.05, G4008.49, G4007.13.03).
Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are powerful QTL mapping populations that have been used to elucidate the molecular basis of interesting traits of wild species. Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid with limited genetic diversity. Capturing the genetic diversity from peanut wild relatives is an important objective in many peanut breeding programs. In this study, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing strategy to produce a population of 122 CSSLs from the cross between the wild synthetic allotetraploid (A. ipae¨nsis6A. duranensis)4x and the cultivated Fleur11 variety.
Foncéka D, Tossim H-A, Rivallan R, Vignes H, Lacut E, De Bellis F, Faye I, Ndoye O, Leal-Bertioli SCM, Valls JFM, de Bellis F, Faye I, Ndoye O, Leal-Bertioli SCM, Valls JFM, Bertioli DJ, Glaszmann J-C, Courtois B, Rami J-F* (2012). Construction of chromosome segment substitution lines in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using a wild synthetic and QTL mapping for plant morphology. PLoS ONE 7(11):e48642 (DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0048642). (G3005.05, G4008.49, G4007.13.03).
Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are powerful QTL mapping populations that have been used to elucidate the molecular basis of interesting traits of wild species. Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid with limited genetic diversity. Capturing the genetic diversity from peanut wild relatives is an important objective in many peanut breeding programs. In this study, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing strategy to produce a population of 122 CSSLs from the cross between the wild synthetic allotetraploid (A. ipae¨nsis6A. duranensis)4x and the cultivated Fleur11 variety.
Phenotyping for drought adaptation in wheat using physiological traits
Monneveux P, Jing R, Misra SC (2012). Phenotyping for drought adaptation in wheat using physiological traits. Frontiers in Plant Physiology 3:429. (DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00429).
Wheat (Triticum spp) is one of the first domesticated food crops. It represents the first source of calories (after rice) and an important source of proteins in developing countries. As a result of the Green Revolution, wheat yield sharply increased due to the use of improved varieties, irrigation, pesticides, and fertilizers. The rate of increase in world wheat production, however, slowed after 1980, except in China, India, and Pakistan. Being adapted to a wide range of moisture conditions, wheat is grown on more land area worldwide than any other crop, including in drought prone areas. In these marginal rain-fed environments where at least 60 m ha of wheat is grown, amount and distribution of rainfall are the predominant factors influencing yield variability. Intensive work has been carried out in the area of drought adaptation over the last decades. Breeding strategies for drought tolerance improvement include: definition of the target environment, choice and characterization of the testing environment, water stress management and characterization, and use of phenotyping traits with high heritability. The use of integrative traits, facilitated by the development and application of new technologies (thermal imaging, spectral reflectance, stable isotopes) is facilitating high throughput phenotyping and indirect selection, consequently favoring yield improvement in drought prone environments.
Monneveux P, Jing R, Misra SC (2012). Phenotyping for drought adaptation in wheat using physiological traits. Frontiers in Plant Physiology 3:429. (DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00429).
Wheat (Triticum spp) is one of the first domesticated food crops. It represents the first source of calories (after rice) and an important source of proteins in developing countries. As a result of the Green Revolution, wheat yield sharply increased due to the use of improved varieties, irrigation, pesticides, and fertilizers. The rate of increase in world wheat production, however, slowed after 1980, except in China, India, and Pakistan. Being adapted to a wide range of moisture conditions, wheat is grown on more land area worldwide than any other crop, including in drought prone areas. In these marginal rain-fed environments where at least 60 m ha of wheat is grown, amount and distribution of rainfall are the predominant factors influencing yield variability. Intensive work has been carried out in the area of drought adaptation over the last decades. Breeding strategies for drought tolerance improvement include: definition of the target environment, choice and characterization of the testing environment, water stress management and characterization, and use of phenotyping traits with high heritability. The use of integrative traits, facilitated by the development and application of new technologies (thermal imaging, spectral reflectance, stable isotopes) is facilitating high throughput phenotyping and indirect selection, consequently favoring yield improvement in drought prone environments.
Markers for breeding heat-tolerant cowpea
Lucas MR, Ehlers JD, Huynh BL, Diop NN, Roberts PA, and Close TJ (2012). Markers for breeding heat-tolerant cowpea. Molecular Breeding published online 13 November 2012. Also printed in 2013. (DOI: 10.1007/s11032-012-9810-z.) (G6010.02/G7010.07.01). Not open access: view online
Lucas MR, Ehlers JD, Huynh BL, Diop NN, Roberts PA, and Close TJ (2012). Markers for breeding heat-tolerant cowpea. Molecular Breeding published online 13 November 2012. Also printed in 2013. (DOI: 10.1007/s11032-012-9810-z.) (G6010.02/G7010.07.01). Not open access: view online
Genetic dissection of developmental behaviour of grain weight in wheat under diverse temperature and water regimes
Li S, Wang C, Chang X, Jing R (2012). Genetic dissection of developmental behaviour of grain weight in wheat under diverse temperature and water regimes. Genetica 140(7-9):393–405. (DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9688-z). (G7010.02.01). Not open access: view abstract
Li S, Wang C, Chang X, Jing R (2012). Genetic dissection of developmental behaviour of grain weight in wheat under diverse temperature and water regimes. Genetica 140(7-9):393–405. (DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9688-z). (G7010.02.01). Not open access: view abstract
Modelling possible benefits of root related traits to enhance terminal drought adaptation of chickpea
Vadez V, Soltani A, Sinclair TR (2012). Modelling possible benefits of root related traits to enhance terminal drought adaptation of chickpea. Field Crops Research 137:108–115. (DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.022). Not open access: view abstract
Vadez V, Soltani A, Sinclair TR (2012). Modelling possible benefits of root related traits to enhance terminal drought adaptation of chickpea. Field Crops Research 137:108–115. (DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.022). Not open access: view abstract
Breeding the Thai jasmine rice variety KDML105 for non-age related broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight disease based on combined marker-assisted and phenotypic selection
Win KM, Korinsak S, Jantaboon J, Siangliw M, Lanceras-Siangliw J, Sirithunya P, Vanavichit A, Pantuwan G, Jongdee B, Sidhiwong N and Toojinda T (2012). Breeding the Thai jasmine rice variety KDML105 for non-age related broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight disease based on combined marker-assisted and phenotypic selection. Field Crops Research 137:186–194. (DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.007). (G4009.09). Not open access: view abstract
Win KM, Korinsak S, Jantaboon J, Siangliw M, Lanceras-Siangliw J, Sirithunya P, Vanavichit A, Pantuwan G, Jongdee B, Sidhiwong N and Toojinda T (2012). Breeding the Thai jasmine rice variety KDML105 for non-age related broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight disease based on combined marker-assisted and phenotypic selection. Field Crops Research 137:186–194. (DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.007). (G4009.09). Not open access: view abstract
